The Role of Zoological Evidence in Combating Wildlife Crime: A Comprehensive Review

Wildlife crimes, mainly poaching, trafficking, and habitat destruction, are amongst the greatest threats to biodiversity and ecological balance worldwide. The battle against these crimes has given rise to the crucial role of zoological evidence in bridging the gap between science and law. The physical evidence-in the form of bones, skins, and feathers-used along with biological evidence of DNA and tissue samples-provides unchallengeable links with species and geographic origins for successful prosecutions. Advanced technologies such as DNA barcoding, isotope analysis, and satellite tracking have made evidence collection and analysis easier, thereby increasing the reliability and accuracy of forensic investigation.

However, it is not easy to integrate zoological evidence into legal frameworks. Technical barriers, inadequate forensic infrastructure, and a lack of training for enforcement personnel often act as a hindrance in its effective use. Legal systems must also change and accommodate and validate scientific methodologies in courts. This article discusses the interplay between zoological science and legal frameworks in wildlife crime investigations, focusing on success stories, current limitations, and the way forward. By leveraging scientific advancements and filling policy gaps, this fusion of disciplines can play a transformative role in securing justice and promoting conservation. The collaboration between law and science must be strengthened to prevent wildlife crime and preserve biodiversity for future generations.