Scope and Future of Ecosystem Services in Entomology

Insects, the most abundant organisms on Earth, play essential roles in various ecological functions and contribute significantly to ecosystem services (ES). These services, which benefit humans and ecosystems alike, can be categorized into four major types: provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services. Insects provide critical provisioning services, such as serving as a source of food and medicine. They are rich in nutrients, including proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and play a key role in reducing malnutrition and supplementing diets. Insects also contribute to regulating services through pollination and biological control, supporting services by aiding in decomposition and nutrient cycling, and cultural services by being integral to education, spiritual values, and cultural heritage. The importance of insects in ecosystem services underscores their value in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing human well-being. This review highlights the multifaceted roles insects play in ecosystem services, emphasizing the need for further research and conservation efforts to protect these vital organisms.